(5)+Smoking+&+your+lungs

When you smoke, your lungs inhale the tar, nicotine and other toxic chemicals in the form of smoke. Over a period of time, these toxic chemicals badly damage the lungs and cause cancer. That is why smoking is bad for the lungs. You might have heard from friends -"If don’t inhale the smoke, it won't damage your lungs" - this statement is completely wrong, because after exhaling the toxic materials, there is enough amount of this material remaining inside the mouth and they slowly reach the lungs. It is advisable that smoking must be completely prohibited due to its harmful effects on the human body. Also, just by smoking, the heat from the smoke can really damage and burn your lungs.
 * Smoking is very injurious to health, but exactly how does smoking damage and affect the lungs? **

[] Over a long period of time, the lungs of a smoker can become filled with tar and here is a picture of what lungs can look like after someone has been smoking for a long time.



[] Chain smoking is what you can call "being addicted". Smoking cigarettes one after another and not stopping can cause serious harm to the lungs.
 * Chain Smoking: **

**The Cilia** There are tiny little hairs inside the lungs known as cilia that get rid of the mucus. Smoking one cigarette does not have enough nicotine to damage the cilia, however, chain smoking can build up enough toxic materials to damage and destroy these hairs. When this situation arises, the lungs can not get rid of all the toxic chemicals and eventually destroy them.

When the smoke is inhaled, the smoke passes through to the right and left lung which are divided into even smaller passages better known as Alveoli. These are the last branching of the Alveoli. These alveoli are tiny balloons like air sacs that carry oxygen into your blood. The Alveoli is quite elastic like, bendy and stretchy. However, smoking will cause this Alveoli to harden up and less elastic. This hardening of the Alveoli makes it harder for it to remove Carbon Dioxide and absorb oxygen into the lungs. This is what can cause asthma and shortness of breath. Smoking cigarettes can harm your lungs by exterminating the bendy recoil of your lungs. This can be a problem because it can cause the smoker hard to inhale and exhale breathing. Once hard to exhale while breathing, your lungs full up with Carbon Dioxide. This hardening of lungs can lead to emphysema.
 * The Alveoli: **
 * Lung Elasticity: **

media type="youtube" key="84IyrcK_rVM" height="480" width="853" align="center"

media type="youtube" key="TaAvhG2SInM?version=3" height="480" width="640"

Video: []

Information: []

(1) Smoking & your lungs
 * How many chemicals in cigarettes?

Cigarettes contain tobacco and the chemicals in cigarettes and tobacco smoke is very harmful. Cigarettes and tobacco contains over 4,000 different chemicals. At least 50 are known carcinogens (cause cancer in humans) and many are poisonous.Cigarettes are one of few products which can be sold legally which can harm and even kill you over time if used as intended. Once the chemicals in cigarettes are inhaled, they put our bodies into a state of physical stress by receiving thousands of poisons, and toxic metals. Those poisonous chemicals affect everything from blood pressure, and pulse rate to the health of our organs and immune system.

A It known carcinogen associated with leukemia. || Known to cause cancer, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems. || Often found in dry cleaning fluids. || Found in cigarette smoke. || This is the chemical which causes addiction. || The main gas in cigarette smoke, formed when the cigarette is lit || Hydrogen Cyanide (gas chamber poison) || Edited by Je Kyun Yu Van Do Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are both chronic (long-term) lung diseases that make it hard to breathe. Both are chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), meaning they are conditions that cause a limitation in airflow. Emphysema comes on gradually after years of exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke. With emphysema, the tiny air sacs in the lungs become damaged. Because the tiny sacs lose their "stretch," less air gets in and out of the lungs. This causes you to feel short of breath. They are mainly caused by cigarette smoking. In the United States, COPD is vastly under diagnosed. While only 15 to 20 percent of smokers are diagnosed with COPD, experts believe the majority of smokers develop some degree of airflow obstruction. Once you have chronic bronchitis, they airways that carry air to the lungs are inflamed a produce a lot of mucus, which narrow the airway and become obstructed, which makes difficult to breathe. When the airways are irritated over a long period, the airways will become thickened, which results in an irritating cough, hampered airflow, and lung scarring
 * **Chemicals** || **Descriptions** ||
 * Benzene (petrol additive) || * A colorless cyclic hydrocarbon obtained from coal and petroleum, used as a solvent in fuel and in chemical manufacture - and contained in cigarette smoke.
 * Formaldehyde (embalming fluid) || * A colorless liquid, highly poisonous, used to preserve dead bodies - also found in cigarette smoke.
 * Ammonia (toilet cleaner) || * Used as a flavoring, frees nicotine from tobacco turning it into a gas
 * Acetone (nail polish remover) || * Fragrant volatile liquid ketone, used as a solvent, for example, nail polish remover
 * Tar || Particulate matter drawn into lungs when you inhale on a lighted cigarette. Once inhaled, smoke condenses and about 70 per cent of the tar in the smoke is deposited in the smoker's lungs. ||
 * Nicotine (insecticide/addictive drug) || * One of the most addictive substances known to man, a powerful and fast-acting medical and non-medical poison.
 * Carbon Monoxide (CO) (car exhaust fumes) || * An odorless, tasteless and poisonous gas, rapidly fatal in large amounts
 * The same gas that comes out of car exhausts
 * Others || * Arsenic (rat poison)
 * Three main ways smoking hurts your lungs
 * Make a table to show what is harmed & how it is harmed for nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar
 * Tar || Nicotine || Carbon Monoxide ||
 * The substances in tar is believed to have the ability to initiate cancer. Constant inhaling of tar can cause a breathing disease, called emphysema. In this disease, the pockets of air passages that are located inside your lungs get broken down, leaving many open spaces. These spaces decrease the lung tissue's ability to absorb oxygen which then leads to shortness of breath and difficulty to push out the air from the damaged lung. || When nicotine enters the bloodstream via the lungs, the blood pressure gets higher for a while. Then, throughout the whole body, the space in the arteries start to decrease. Which also leads to the decreased amount of blood being circulated around the body. This will then restrict the amount of oxygen that the lung is supposed to carry in order to keep a healthy body. || When CO (Carbon Monoxide) is inhaled into your body, it slows down the blood's ability to carry oxygen around the body including the important organs such as the brain and the heart. This is because, when CO is inside your body, it combines with the hemoglobin (a pigment in red blood cells that carry oxygen around your body) to form Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). When these two get combined, that specific hemoglobin cannot carry oxygen around the body anymore. ||
 * Explain how smoking causes bronchitis and emphysema

Edited by Je Kyun Yu


 * Why are smokers more likely to develop lung infections than non-smokers? (Complete Bio Section 4.3)

**How many chemicals in cigarettes?**
Edited by So Hee

There is the list of 10 most basic chemicals in cigarettes. 60% of chemicals in cigarettes causes cancer.


 * 1) Carcinogens: Cause or aggravate cancer
 * 2) TSNAs: Tobacco - specific N-nitrosamines are known to have carcinogens present
 * 3) Benzene: Can be found in pesticides and gasoline, present in high levels in cigarettes
 * 4) Formaldehyde: Chemical used to preserve dead bodies
 * 5) Arsenic: Commonly used in rat poison
 * 6) Cadmium: Toxic that is used in batteries
 * 7) Ammonia: Commonly used in cleaning products and fertilizers
 * 8) Carbon Monoxide: Present in car exhaust
 * 9) Hydrogen Cyanide: Used to kill people in the gas chambers during World War II
 * 10) Nicotine: A poison used in pesticides

[]


 * Explain how smoking causes bronchitis and emphysema:**

**Bronchitis** When a person smokes too much, it causes the fragile cilia it be destroyed. With the cilia weakened, more 'junk', such as dust and microbes, will move towards the lungs. This causes heavy coughing, which in turn damages the persons bronchitis. When you cough a lot, you can sometimes feel pain in your lung-area. Although inflammation of the bronchi is not necessarily a deadly thing, long term inflammation can lead to bronchitis, which is quite bad for you. **Emphysema** The smoke which enters your lungs can cause your body to react to it in extreme ways. One of these is the reaction of your white blood cells. In an attempt to fight off the constant threat of infection, they destroy the walls of your lungs. On the long term, this makes the hundreds of folds on your lung level out, which in turn causes you to have less breathing area. When spread out, the surface area of your lungs is about the same as that of a football/soccer field. The smaller it becomes, the harder it becomes for your lungs to keep up with the constant demand for oxygen. Over time, this can lead to you being short of breath after 2-3 steps of fast walking.

Edited by Mitsuki How about second hand smoking? What will the influences of the nicotine be if some one does second hand?

Oxygen intake:

One of the biggest effects to the lungs when smoking is oxygen intake. Normally, when you breathe, it is just breathing in air even if it is not always fresh, it is still air. During that process, your lungs fill up and expand like normal. When smoking, you are not only breathing in air, but also the smoke at the same time. The cilia, which are tiny hairs inside the lungs get badly (negatively) affected.

[]

When smoking, Bacterial Pneumonia will easily be developed: Smoking substances like marijuana or tobacco, the risk of developing a bacterial pneumonia will increase a lot, and the risk of getting infections with the lungs also increases greatly. Bacterial pneumonia is also like the infection of the lungs that is caused by a virus, and also when you breathe in toxic material. Usually, when this happens, people get symptoms like coughing, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. When you have bacterial pneumonia, the immune system in your body that normally keeps bacteria from infecting your lungs is now reproducing in your lungs. This is called inflammation, when your body tries to fight off the bacterial invaders.

[] Edited by Khanh An Vu

How does smoking affect non-smokers?

Cigarettes do not just harm the people who smoke. They also harm the people who are near cigarettes and breathe the smoke. Second hand smoke is the smoke that comes out of the cigarrete when being smoked and the smoke that a smoker lets out. Second hand smoke is also called passive smoke. About 53,000 people die from second hand smoke every year. When we breathe in another persons smoke from a cigarete, we are letting in 51% of all chemicals in a cigarrete. There should be a greater awarness for second hand smokers. It is very dangerous.