(7)+Cellular+respiration+-+the+process

=Cellular respiration= The process of digestion include three phrases: ingestion, digestion, and then egestion. Ingestion is when you eat the food. Digestion is when food is broken down intro its constituent molecules. Then the last phrase is egestion, and in this phrase your body is getting rid of undigested food. Your body needs to absorb in nutrients, so you need to digest food. When the digesting stage is happening, it breaks down the nutrients into simple forms so that the body will be able to metabolize the vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and sugars that are required. Digestion is necessary because without it, the form of the food when ingested will not be usable.


 * =====Where does cellular respiration occur?=====
 * =====What does it need?=====
 * =====What does it produce?=====
 * =====What are the four steps?=====
 * =====Describe key event in each=====
 * =====How much energy is produced with O2 (and without O2)?=====
 * =====Why the difference?=====

The Process:

Cellular Respiration:
 * Takes place when abundant supply of oxygen is available to a cell. The word abundant means that you have a lot of something.
 * Takes place in mitochondria
 * It is how we drive energy from what we eat, from our fuel, or from (specifically) glucose.
 * Most of what we eat, the carbohydrates end up as glucose.
 * Glucose => energy



Process of cellular respiration produces energy directly but that energy is used to produce ATP. To break down energy portion of cellular respiration, some would be heat (warms up the cell), and some will produce 38 ATPs. Basically cellular respiration is the process of glucose and producing ATPs and maybe heat as a byproduct. Means breaking up glucose Glyco = Glucose Lysis = Using water to break up a molecule Glu = Sweet Cose = Sugar

Stage 2: Glycolysis occurs in cell's cytosol, the liquid component of the cytoplasm, which is also where a lot of different metabolic reactions take place. It produces 2 molecules and pyruvic acid per molecule of glucose. Pyruvic acid, a colorless organic liquid acid that breaks down sugars and carbohydrates during glycolysis, will then be transported by mitochondria to mitochondria matrix. Acid molecules are split to carbon dioxide molecules and 2 carbon molecule, which is called acetyl groups. They attach to co-enzyme A (co-enzyme = a molecule that helps with the process of an enzyme, A stands for acetyl), which is called Acetyl CoA, which was created after the reaction with the pyruvic acid. The Acetyl CoA will then function as an input into the Kreb's Cycle. During the reaction, hydrogen and energetic electron are transferred. Stage 3: Kreb's Cycle - Takes place in mitochondria media type="youtube" key="Au2PM1TmR7A" height="315" width="420" After glycolysis and Kreb's Cycle: Requires oxygen 1. Glycolysis - Doesn't need oxygen, anaerobic - 2 ATPs net - Happens in cytoplasm

2. Transition Reaction - Pyruvic Acid travels back and forth into the mitochondria. Here, it conveys to a molecule called Acetyl CoA, and from there further breakdown takes place.

3. Kreb's cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle - Aerobic - 2 ATPs - Occurs in mitochondrial matrix. Liquid part of the mitochondria.

4. Electron Transport Chain - 34 ATPs - aerobic - Occurs in the christae of the mitochondria. It is folded membranes inside the chloroplast.

When there is no oxygen, some of the byproducts of glycolysis, instead of going through Kreb's cycle and Electron Transport Chain which needs oxygen, goes to a side process called fermentation. For some organisms, this process of fermentation takes byproducts and literally produce alcohol, alcohol fermentation. Muscles do not produce directly alcohol, they produce lactic acids. Humans and mammals do lactic acid fermentation. Yeast, for example, will do alcohol fermentation. In the two parts of the reaction, glycolysis and Kreb's cycle, we are constantly taking

For 1 molecule of glucose, this happens to 10 NADs or 10NAD+ to become NADH. Those are what drives the electron transport chain. Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle doesn't only produce 2 ATPs in each stage but combined, they're also producing 10NADH which each produces 3 ATPs in an ideal situation electron transport chain. And they are also doing this other molecule which is FAD and producing FADH.

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During an anaerobic respiration, food molecules get partly broken down. To completely break down food molecules, oxygen is required. Compared to aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration uses much less energy to the cell from food molecule. Aerobic respiration produces approximately twenty times more energy than anaerobic respiration. Complete Biology

Going back, cellular respiration is taking glucose and then repackaging the energy in glucose, and repackaging it in the form of 38 ATPs. [] [] [] [] [] []