(4)+Breathing+&+gas+exchange

(1) Breathing & gas exchange Breathing - is the process during respiration that moves air in and outside of the lungs to supply your body with oxygen. Gas exchange - the process of transfering inhaled air (oxygen) into the blood and the removal of the carbon dioxide from the blood into the exhaled air. breathing is the process of respiration. The process where air is inhaled into the lungs through the nose or mouth. To inhale you use muscle contraction. Exhaling is due to muscle relaxation. **Two sets of muscles:** Thoracic diaphragm - a dome-shaped muscle that is located right under the ribcage. In breathing, these muscles help by contracting and reducing the chest cavity therefore creating suction. Intercostal muscle - are muscles that are located in between the ribs, they also help expanding and shrinking the chest cavity during breathing. When you breathe in, the air will be carried through the nose and into the trachea. The trachea will then split into two tubes (called bronchi) that are connected to the lungs. Then the tubes will be spreaded out in smaller branches of bronchioles. When the air is inside the lungs, the two types of muscles, diaphramg and intercostal muscles will contract and flatten therefore reducing the pressure and expanding the area inside the lungs. When you breathe out, air is forced out of the lungs. Now, the two types of muscles will relax and move up and the lungs will contract.
 * Definition
 * 2 sets of muscles (Names, locations, diagrams)
 * Written sequence of what occurs
 * Diagrams to aid notes
 * Explanation involving ideas of volume changes and pressure changes…
 * What gases are exchanged?
 * How much … gas is actually used?
 * Definition:**
 * Intercostal muscle**
 * Thoracic diaphragm**
 * Written sequence of what occurs:**

** Explanation involving ideas of volume changes and pressure changes… ** Air moves from high pressure to low pressure So by enlarging out lungs volume it is actually lowering out lungs pressure, which then higher pressure atmosphere air then moves into lower pressure lungs, which is the reason why our body inhale in air. The same things goes to other way around, when we exhale our lungs is actually increasing the lung pressure which then force the air to go out of the lungs and into the lower pressure atmosphere. The diffusion of gases is from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. When the air is in the bronchioles, it travels into millions of tiny sacs called alveoli. Then, the oxygen would travel to other tissues inside the body that needs it. While our body uses oxygen, it also creates carbon dioxide, which we do not need. The oxygen will be exchanged for the carbon dioxide inside the alveoli. When we exhale, the carbon dioxide would travel back up to the trachea and out of our nose of mouth. The gases we breathe in is about 71% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.96% argon and 0.04% of carbon dioxide, helium and other gases. The air we exhale is approximately 4 to 5% less then the oxygen we inhaled and 4 to 5% more than the carbon dioxide we inhaled. These all have different reasons of course why the composition of air breathed in is different from the air that is breathed out, for example oxygen. Oxygen by the time it is breathed out, most has diffused from the air in the alveoli into the blood. The Carbon Dioxide has increased because it has diffused from the blood back into the air in the alveoli. Nitrogen on the other hand stays the same, mainly because it is not actually used by the body. These gases also have something else that is different from when they are breathed in than out and that is the water vapor and the temperature in which is at. The water vapor can very when inspired (inhaled in) but when it is expired (exhaled out) it is saturated, this is because the water evaporates from the surface in the alveoli. The temperature when inspired may vary but when expired out it is 37 degrees Celsius, this is mainly because the heat is lost to the air from the lungs surfaces.
 * What gases are exchanged?**
 * How much gas is actually used?**

8 Liters of oxygen are inhaled in a minute for most adults, and 10 Liters of oxygen are inhaled in a minute for children. How much oxygen our body use to function in a minute: When sleeping: 0.1 Liters When standing: 0.3 Liters When walking: 0.57 Liters When running: 1.6 Liters

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